In a study between the years of 2006-2008, it was determined that 1 in 6 American children had a developmental disability ranging from the mild to more severe. These disabilities included anything from speech and language deficits to more serious disabilities like autism. Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interactions, communication, repetitive behaviors, motor coordination, and attentiveness.
While approximately 1 in 68 children are diagnosed with some form of autism spectrum disorder, it still isn’t known exactly what is underlying this condition. Recent research has attempted to compile the best theories on autism spectrum disorder in order to more fully explain how it directly impacts developing brains.
A network of cerebral proteins and substrates that might play a role in the development of autism spectrum disorder (Won et al.)
The most recent theory concerns a problem occurring along the connections between nerves called synapses. In brains of patients with autism spectrum disorder, it was shown that there is over-connectivity of neurons locally with less neurons that stretch between brain regions to aid in communication within the brain. It is hypothesized that an imbalance of excitement and inhibition nerve impulses in the brain could be preventing correct synapse formation leading to autism spectrum disorder.
Dopamine hyperactivity in the synapse could contribute to problems in autism spectrum disorder
Regardless of its cause, genetic or environmental, autism spectrum disorder is becoming more and more common and one thing that can be done is to raise awareness and support for those who are are suffering. Until more is discovered about autism spectrum disorder, the best we can do is offer to help support families and the search for a cure.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
