From Clueless to Confident

How This Class Brought My Learning Together

As this semester ends, I have taken some time to think about how much I have grown not just in this class, but during my time at Concordia as a whole. This course helped me bring together so many skills and lessons I have picked up throughout college. I saw how everything I have learned connects in real life and how it’s helped shape me into someone who is more confident, open-minded, and ready to take on new challenges. Through this class, I feel like I have truly experienced what Concordia’s CORE curriculum and liberal arts education are all about learning that goes beyond just the classroom.

Learning to Enjoy Reading and Speaking Up

At the start of the semester, I did not feel very confident reading literature, especially when the language was hard or the ideas were complicated. I often felt nervous and unsure, like I didn’t really understand what I was reading. Honestly, I used to dread literature readings in class because they made me feel kind of dumb. But this class changed that. Since we had so many discussions, I learned it’s okay not to understand everything right away. Talking with classmates helped me see things more clearly, and I realized I wasn’t the only one who felt confused sometimes. Little by little, I stopped being afraid to ask questions or share my thoughts, even if I wasn’t completely sure. That gave me more confidence and helped me enjoy learning.

I now feel more comfortable reading challenging material, and I even enjoy it. That’s a big change for me and it ties into one of Concordia’s main goals: to instill a love for learning. I have started to see reading not as something I have to do, but something I get to do. I enjoy trying to figure out what the author means, and I like hearing different interpretations from my classmates. This back-and-forth helped me grow not just as a student, but as a thinker.

Getting Better at Research and Sharing Ideas

Another major skill I improved this semester is research. I used to think research was just about finding the right sources and putting together quotes. But in this class, I learned that good research is more than that it’s about asking deeper questions, connecting ideas, and making your own argument using what you have found. I also learned how to communicate my research better, both in writing and when talking to others. I had to think about how to explain things clearly, and that helped me better understand the material myself.

If I were updating my resume today, I would definitely add that I improved my research and communication skills this semester. Those are skills I know I will use in the future, especially because I am hoping to go to grad school for neuroscience which is mostly about research. 

Learning from Others and Expanding My Perspective

One thing I really appreciated about this class was how much I learned from other people. Every week, we were encouraged to talk and share our thoughts, and that gave me the chance to hear so many different perspectives. Sometimes a classmate would say something about a reading that I had never even considered, and it completely changed how I saw it. Moments like that reminded me how important it is to really listen and stay open-minded, because there’s always more than one way to see something.

Even though we were mostly reading literature, our conversations went far beyond that. We ended up talking about real-world issues, history, culture, and even science. It made the material feel more connected to everyday life and helped me see how everything we learn is linked in some way.

Seeing Learning in a New Way

Before coming to Concordia, and even in my early years of college, I thought learning had to be a certain way. I used to think science classes were just about memorizing facts, and literature classes were only about writing essays. But being at a liberal arts school changed that for me. I started to see that learning can be more flexible and meaningful. For example, before I took neurochemistry, I expected it to be all lectures and exams. But it turned out to be more like a conversation where we could ask big questions and connect ideas from different subjects to understand things better.

This class especially helped me step back and see the bigger picture. Instead of just memorizing for a test, I learned to actually think about what I was learning and how it all fits together. That meant a lot to me.

What Liberal Arts Learning Means to Me

To me, learning at a liberal arts school like Concordia means getting a full picture of the world. It’s not just about preparing for a job, it’s about learning how to think, how to ask good questions, and how to be a better human being. We learn not just facts, but how to connect ideas, how to understand different cultures, and how to think about our values. This class reminded me that being educated means being able to listen, to speak up with respect, and to keep learning even outside of school.

Concordia talks a lot about BREW ( Becoming Responsibly Engaged in the World) and I feel like I understand what that really means now. It’s about using what I have learned to help others, to be thoughtful in my choices, and to stay involved in the world around me. Whether I’m working, studying, or just living in my community, I want to keep asking questions and growing.

A Real Example of Interdisciplinary Thinking

One example that really changed how I think is how I have come to understand autism. Before college, I mostly thought of it as a mental illness because that’s how it’s usually talked about in the media or in medical terms. But through this class and other experiences at Concordia, I started to realize there’s so much more to it.

In psychology and neuroscience, I learned about all the science and facts about how the brain works with autism. But what really opened my eyes were conversations around sociology and disability studies. I began to see that the biggest challenges autistic people face often come from how society treats them, not from autism itself. That made me rethink what it means to be “normal” and how we define ability in the first place.

I also started thinking about autism as something that’s not broken that needs to be fixed, but just a different way of thinking and experiencing the world. That shift felt important. It helped me see the value of being open to other ways of thinking, even when they are unfamiliar to me.

Conclusion: More Than a Class

This class was more than just reading articles or having discussions, it helped me grow as a person. It gave me the courage to speak up, to trust my thoughts, and to take chances, even when I felt unsure. I have realized that I’m not the only one who feels scared sometimes and that it’s okay. We’re all figuring things out. This course brought together everything I have been working on at Concordia: finding my voice, connecting ideas across subjects, and staying curious and open. As I move forward, I will carry the reminder that learning isn’t just about facts, it’s about understanding yourself, others, and the world a little better every day.




Final Reflection Blog – Neurochemistry and the BREW Experience at Concordia

As my final semester at Concordia College comes to a close, I’ve spent a lot of time thinking about how my experiences have helped shape me into the person and future professional I want to be, including those in this neurochemistry course. This class has been a meaningful and impactful part of my college career because it allowed me to bring together everything I’ve learned through Concordia’s liberal arts approach, especially the CORE curriculum.

Throughout the semester, our class focused on how different chemical signaling pathways in the brain are connected to complex conditions and behaviors. We covered topics such as PTSD, schizophrenia, glioblastoma, sugar addiction, autism, and more. While the course was rooted in science, it challenged us to go beyond just understanding how the brain works. We explored how these topics impact individuals, families, and society as a whole. We also had to consider ethical questions, treatment options, and how mental health is viewed in different settings.

This approach of mixing science with real-world application fits perfectly with Concordia’s five goals for liberal learning. I saw each of these goals reflected in the course and in my growth this semester.

First, this class helped create a love for learning. Before, I didn’t expect to enjoy as much a course that focused so much on chemical signaling and brain pathways, but I ended up looking forward to each topic we covered. The more I learned, the more curious I became about how we can better support those who are living with neurological and psychological conditions. The complexity of the brain fascinates me, and I found myself wanting to keep learning even outside of class through extra research, articles, and discussions.

Second, the class helped me develop foundational skills that I’ll carry into my future career as a school counselor. One of the most important skills I strengthened was the ability to take scientific information and break it down into something that is easy to understand. As a future counselor, I’ll be working with students, teachers, and families who may not have a background in science or mental health. Being able to explain things clearly and supportively will be essential. I also developed my critical thinking and problem-solving skills, especially when it came to understanding how different parts of the brain interact.

The third goal is developing an understanding of disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and intercultural perspectives. While we studied neurochemistry, we constantly made connections to psychology, ethics, education, and even social justice issues. For example, in our unit on PTSD, we discussed not only how trauma affects the brain’s chemistry but also how it can show up in children and teens who might be experiencing toxic stress at home or in their communities. This really hit home for me, because I know as a school counselor I will work with students who are facing trauma but might not have the words to express what they’re feeling. It helped me think about how I can approach counseling with more compassion and awareness of how brain function and behavior are deeply connected.

One example that really brought multiple perspectives together was when we studied sugar and its addictive properties. We examined the dopamine system and how it’s affected by sugar in a way that mirrors other addictive substances. From a chemical perspective, it made sense, but then we also talked about how this plays into mental health, diet culture, food access, and education. It made me realize that even something as everyday as food choices can have deep psychological and physiological effects, and that these issues can’t be fully understood without looking at them through more than one lens.

The fourth goal of liberal learning is to cultivate an examined cultural, ethical, physical, and spiritual self-understanding. This class challenged me to reflect on my own beliefs and assumptions about mental illness, education, and health care. I became more aware of how stigma still exists around conditions like schizophrenia, autism, or obesity, and how important it is to advocate for those who may not be able to for themselves. As a school counselor, I want to create an environment where students feel safe and supported no matter what challenges they’re facing. This course reminded me that understanding someone’s brain chemistry can be a key part of showing empathy and reducing judgment.

Finally, this course encouraged me to responsibly participate in the world, which is the final goal of Concordia’s BREW. One of the biggest takeaways for me is that science is not just about labs and textbooks, it’s also about people. The neurochemistry we studied directly affects the lives of students I will one day work with. By understanding how trauma or disorders like autism affect the brain, I can be a more compassionate counselor. I now feel more confident that I will be able to support my students not just emotionally, but with a deeper understanding of what might be going on neurologically.

If I had to highlight one skill on my resume that I improved this semester, it would be interdisciplinary problem-solving. I was challenged to look at problems from multiple angles (scientific, emotional, social, and ethical). For example, when we studied schizophrenia, I had to think about not just the dopamine hypothesis and neurochemical imbalances, but also how someone with this condition might be treated in school, how medication plays a role, and how stigma might prevent them from getting help. This kind of thinking will help me tremendously in my counseling career, where no two students will have the same experience or needs.

In the end, learning at a liberal arts college like Concordia has meant gaining more than just academic knowledge. It’s meant growing as a person and becoming more curious, more empathetic, and more prepared to make a difference in the world. I’m thankful that I had the chance to take a class like this that challenged me to think deeply and connect science with real life. It’s a perfect example of what Concordia means by becoming responsibly engaged in the world.

Liberal Arts Learning Through Neurochemistry

Here we are! The final blog post! As I’m sitting here writing this, I am struggling to find a way to put this class into words. Which, I think, was kind of the point. Not the struggle to put into words part, but how that means this class was structured much differently than other classes.

At the beginning of the semester, when reading the syllabus and exploring our Moodle page, I was confused as to why this class wasn’t the typical lecture and exam format. Don’t get me wrong, I’m glad I didn’t have to memorize all the complex signaling pathways, acronyms, and if something is an enzyme, second messenger, kinase, protein, guanine nucleotide exchange factor, small GTPase, transcription factor, or none of the above, and instead a government agency. But I didn’t understand the point. That’s because this class, much more than others, took the key concepts of liberal learning and turned them into a syllabus. What do I mean by that? Well, Concordia has five goals for liberal learning…

Instill a love for learning

I have always described myself as someone who loves learning. But I got to be honest, at the beginning of the semester, I thought this class would be pushing my boundaries of how scientific I was willing to go. I’m a neuroscience minor; I didn’t make it a major for a reason. But because this class was not the typical lecture and exam format, we had a say in what we learned. For example, after reading an article each week, we chose what topic to research further for the next class day. I was always able to find something interesting about the articles, even if the chemistry sometimes went over my head at first glance. I could tailor my assignments for Wednesdays to what I wanted to learn more about, and how I wanted to learn it. I was always excited to share this really cool new thing I learned with the rest of the class.

Develop foundational skills and transferable intellectual capacities

This class taught me more than simply the content. Yes, I did learn a whole lot about intracellular signaling and how that impacts the brain. But skills like the most efficient way to read and take notes on journal articles, or the most effective way to communicate science to different types of people with different knowledge backgrounds, were even more valuable. Especially the communication part. We had many different ways of communicating in just one class for just one semester. We worked in small groups to discuss questions we had about articles, we had to give quick elevator speeches about a whole bunch of different topics, and we discussed real-world applications of these topics in large groups. Communicating science, “translating” it to be easily digested by different people, was the most valuable skill from this class. For example, how you would discuss a journal article with a professor in that area, a professor not in that area, a peer in that area, a peer not in that area, a friend, the general public, kids… (I could go on, but I think you get the point) is all different. 

This is super important to my future career. After graduation I am pursuing a social work degree, and communication is probably one of the top three skills needed and wanted in social workers, as we work with all kinds of different people and all kinds of different topics. It’s kind of funny, the biggest thing I took away from my most heavily scientific class was communication, which is an entirely different major on a whole different side of campus!

Develop an understanding of disciplinary, interdisciplinary and intercultural perspectives and their connections

Our Friday discussions really highlighted this goal of liberal learning. It was really cool to see multiple different majors, who all shared some level of science background, come together. People approached the real-world application of the science in multiple different ways; through a chemistry, neuroscience, or psychology lens. We had people from different cultural backgrounds, which also impacted how we approached and thought about these topics.

My favorite article, about anxiety and its long-term impacts on memory and behavior, is a perfect example of this. During our discussion, the chemistry and neuroscience majors tended to focus more on the signaling pathways, and zoomed-in, what was going on in the brain. People with a psychology background talked more about behavior and cognition, what was going on in the mind. Then me, with my psychology and social work perspective, gave a whole spiel about ACES and trauma. But all of us were talking about how anxiety and trauma rewires the brain. Each person’s perspective was a valuable piece of putting together that puzzle. We each brought our own ideas for how to “solve” the problem of anxiety. Whether that be research, pharmacology, therapy, or education.

Cultivate an examined cultural, ethical, physical and spiritual self-understanding

The biggest piece of this goal from this class was a physical understanding of what is going on down to the level of my cells. It’s kind of crazy to know what on a microscopic level contributes to feelings of hunger, anxiousness, or a concussion.  

Encourage responsible participation in the world (B.R.E.W.)

One of the important parts of responsible participation/engagement with the world is being able to critically think about information you are presented with. This class gave us a full week to dissect each journal article. It encouraged us to ask questions, search for answers, and consider the application from multiple perspectives. Being able to see a catchy headline, but then check the sources and actually read the journal/research articles about it helps us make more informed decisions.

Considering topics and ideas from multiple different perspectives is also one of the most important parts of being responsibly engaged in the world. I cannot think of a profession where taking the time to understand people’s perspectives would not be beneficial. This is a critical part of compassion, which in my perspective, is an essential piece of BREW.

This all leads me to the question: What does a liberal arts education mean to me?

A liberal arts education is not simply taking classes outside of your major. It is giving students the tools necessary to critically think with compassion and engage with the world. It doesn’t teach students one uniformed way of thinking, but rather to simply THINK in general. How to ask those tough questions, and be okay with not getting all the answers. How to integrate information with your own thoughts and opinions. And, having your own thoughts and opinions and speaking up to share them. Some of my favorite classes at Concordia were outside of my major, and without attending a liberal arts college, I probably wouldn’t have decided to pursue social work. 

This unconventional science course was the perfect way to personify BREW in my last semester of undergrad!

From ‘I Don’t Get It’ to ‘I Blogged It’: A Semester in Reflection

 

a cartoon STEM black girl in neuroscience

If I could sum up this semester in a single word, it would be: chaotic.
But in the best, most Concordia-core-curriculum, liberally-educated way possible.

When I first signed up for this class, I expected the usual: some readings, some papers, a few discussion boards, and the occasional group project drama (you know the kind). What I didn’t expect was how much this class would actually reflect my entire college journey—equal parts confusion, curiosity, creativity, and yes, caffeine.

Let’s start with a confession: there were more than a few times this semester when I read an article and thought, “What on EARTH are they saying?” I’d stare at the screen, highlight a paragraph, and still be left wondering if the author was speaking English or summoning a philosophical demon. I mean, who knew academic writing could sound like it was translated from Latin to Morse code to Shakespearean English and then given to us?

But weirdly enough, that confusion was part of the fun. Every article I didn’t understand became a personal challenge. I’d dive into group discussions half-lost, half-curious, hoping someone else was also struggling (they usually were), and together we’d decode the texts like amateur detectives with no flashlight. Spoiler alert: sometimes we figured it out. Sometimes we didn’t. But the process of trying, laughing, and talking it through? That’s where the magic happened.

The Joy of Blogging Through It All

One of the biggest highlights for me was creating our blog posts. I didn’t expect to enjoy them as much as I did, but each post became a mini creative outlet. They let me take big ideas from class, blend them with my own personality, and write something that felt authentic. Whether I was venting about the brain gymnastics required to read certain texts or reflecting on how they connected to my life, I felt free to be honest, thoughtful, and even a little goofy.

There’s something powerful about being able to say, “I don’t fully get this… but here’s what I do see, and here’s how it connects to my world.” It reminded me that academic learning doesn’t have to be stiff or perfect—it can be messy, personal, and even funny. Honestly, I felt more connected to what I was learning because I was allowed to process it in my voice.

Learning (Even When I Didn’t Know I Was Learning)

Despite all the moments of confusion, I was constantly learning—sometimes without even realizing it. This class helped me practice two huge life skills: how to make meaning out of the abstract and how to communicate clearly about complicated things. Even when I didn’t fully “get” something, I learned to ask better questions, dig deeper, and keep engaging instead of checking out.

That perseverance? That intellectual grit? That’s pure liberal arts energy. It’s the reason I now approach difficult content with curiosity instead of panic. And trust me, future me—whether in grad school, the workforce, or just arguing with someone on Reddit—is going to appreciate that skill.

Liberal Arts = Learning How to Think, Not What to Think

If someone asked me what it means to study at a liberal arts college like Concordia, I’d tell them this: it means learning how to think, not what to think. It means caring about the connections between ideas, between people, and between disciplines.

This semester, I was constantly bouncing between different perspectives—ethical, cultural, spiritual, historical—and trying to find common threads. I saw how philosophy can inform science, how religion can influence politics, and how self-awareness can change how we engage with the world. One week I was wrestling with systemic injustice, the next I was reflecting on personal values, and somehow it all clicked together by the end.

That’s the beauty of this kind of education. It doesn’t give you one narrow path—it hands you a map and says, “Go explore. Oh, and take snacks.”

Cartoon of a worried young man with chaotic thought bubbles filled with questions and scribbles.

Skills That Snuck Up on Me

If I had to highlight one skill that seriously leveled up this semester, it would be adaptive communication—basically, knowing how to explain stuff to different kinds of people. Whether it was breaking down a dense reading in class, writing a creative blog post, or working on a team presentation, I learned how to shift my tone, language, and approach depending on the audience. That’s chef’s kiss valuable in the real world.

And speaking of the real world…

Solving Problems with a Multidisciplinary Brain

One powerful example of applying multiple perspectives was our discussion on obesity. At first glance, it seems like a health or science issue—but it’s so much more than that.

Culturally, food is tied to tradition, identity, and family. “Eating healthier” isn’t just a personal choice—it can feel like breaking from your roots. Economically, not everyone has access to fresh, affordable food. It’s hard to eat clean when fast food is cheaper than vegetables and grocery stores are miles away.

Psychologically, obesity often links to stress, trauma, and mental health struggles. Ethically, we have to ask why junk food is so heavily marketed in low-income areas and who benefits from that. Even spiritually, many people view health through the lens of caring for the body as a gift or responsibility.

That conversation showed me how complex real-world issues are—and how effective solutions need voices from every field. No single perspective is enough on its own, but together, they paint a fuller picture and offer more compassionate, lasting answers.

The Final BREW

So, here we are. The end of the semester. The final blog post. And what a ride it’s been.

This class didn’t just help me wrap up my time at Concordia—it helped me live out what BREW is all about. Becoming responsibly engaged in the world isn’t about having all the answers. It’s about being willing to show up with your questions, your voice, your humility, and your hope. It’s about learning with others, making sense of complexity, and finding ways to contribute meaningfully, even when you feel underqualified.

Most of all, it’s about learning how to laugh through the confusion, create from chaos, and never stop asking, “What does this mean for the world I want to help build?”

This class let me do all of that. And for that, I’m thankful.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cracking the Code of Brain Cancer: Can We Out-Smart Glioblastoma?

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most feared devastating diagnoses in modern medicine. It’s fast, evasive, and almost universally fatal. But in recent years, researchers have begun to decode its molecular machinery – finally learning to speak the language of this elusive enemy. And that breakthrough could be our best shot yet at out-smarting it. [1]

Why Should We Care?

Chances are, you know someone who has battled cancer. But GBM isn’t just any cancer. It’s uniquely cruel – its survival rate is abysmal, with the average patient living just 14 to 16 months after diagnoses, even with aggressive treatment, Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy can slow it sown, but rarely stop it. And almost always, it comes back. So why isn’t science doing more? The truth is – it is. And it’s starting to get a whole lot smarter about how.

Thinking Like a Tumor: How GBM Outsmarts Us

A recent study published in Cellular Signaling offers a bold new look at how glioblastoma operates at the molecular level. Rather than examining one pathway at a time, this research explore how GBM hijacks and connects three of the body’s most important signaling routes: PI3K, MAPK, and cAMP. [1]

These pathways normally help healthy cells grow, survive, and communicate. But GBM twists them to its advantage – creating escape routes when one is blocked and adapting rapidly to our best drugs.

The Tumor’s Toolbox: PI3K and MAPK Pathways

Think of these two pathways as power lines delivering survival and growth instruction straight to the cancer cell’s command center.

  • PI3K Pathway: This one’s like a growth accelerator. It’s often switched on in GBM due to mutations in genes like EGFR (a growth signal receptor) or PTEN (a tumor suppressor that’s often lost). When PI3K is activated, it promotes unchecked growth, survival, and even resistance to treatment. (Figure 1)
  • MAPK Pathway: This cascade is all about movement and multiplication. It often starts with the activation of RAS and RAF, leading to a series of events that turn on genes promoting proliferation and migration. One of its downstream targets is the transcription factor CREB3, which we’ll come back to. [2] (Figure 1)
Figure 1 [3: Artstract by Ella Alsleben]: Shows a detailed diagram of the MAPK and PI3K pathways along with how they are triggered and cascade down through multiple molecular gears.

The Underdog Pathway: cAMP

Now here’s where it gets interesting. Unlike PI3K and MAPK, the cAMP pathway often works against cancer. When activated, it can slow down cell division and even trigger apoptosis – programmed cell death. GBM tumors, being clever, tend to suppress this pathway. But researchers are learning how to fight back.

Drugs that boost cAMP – like PDE inhibitors or agents like forskolin – have shown real promise in lab studies. By reactivating this pathway, scientists have managed to push cancer cells toward self-destruction.[4] (Figure 3)

The Bottleneck: Where it All Converges – CREB

Here’s the twist: All three pathways – PI3K, MAPK, and cAMP – feed into one key control center in the cell: CREB (cyclic AMP response element-binding protein). This transcription factor plays a central role in deciding whether a cell grows, adapts, or dies. [5] (Figure 4)

  • When CREB is activated by PI3K or MAPK, it ramps up the expression of survival and metabolism genes.
  • When activate through cAMP, it can trigger an entirely different set of responses – ones that often suppress tumor growth.

 

Figure 4 [1]: Key signaling pathways (PI3K, MAPK, and cAMP) in glioblastoma converging on the transcription factor CREB, a critical hub influencing tumor cell survival and apoptosis.

Why This Matters

Cancer is a master of adaptation. Block one path, and it finds another. But what if we could block all the exits? That’s the promise of this new systems-level research: instead of chasing cancer down one road at a time, we start understanding the map. [1]

And we’re already seeing this approach in action. Clinical trials are testing targeted therapies like:

  • BKM120 (a PI3K inhibitor)
  • Vemurafenib (a BRAF inhibitor targeting the MAPK pathway)
  • Rolipram and other PDE inhibitors (boosting cAMP levels)

These drugs are part of a new era of cancer therapy – one that doesn’t just read the tumor, but understands and anticipates its moves.

So Where Do We Go From Here?

There’s still a long road ahead. GBM remains one to the hardest cancers to treat. But this research gives us something we’ve been missing for too long: a strategic roadmap.

The future of glioblastoma therapy may lie in combination approaches – simultaneously targeting multiple pathways, or central hubs like CREB that serve as traffic controllers for tumor behavior. It’s a shift toward systems biology, and it’s exactly the kind of big-picture thinking we need.

As students, researchers, and curious citizens, we should be excited – and supportive – of this work. These breakthroughs don’t just happen in high-tech labs. They happen because people care enough to keep asking the hard questions.

The Bottom Line

GBM has been one of cancer’s greatest enigmas. But we’re getting closer to cracking the code. With smarter science, targeted therapies, and a deeper understanding of how cancer thinks – we just might out-smart it.

And that’s something worth caring about.

References

[1] Fung, N. H. et al. (2019). Understanding and exploiting cell signalling convergence nodes and pathway cross-talk in malignant brain cancer. Cellular Signalling, 57, 2–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.01.011

[2] Mawrin, C. et al. (2003). Prognostic relevance of MAPK expression in glioblastoma multiforme. International Journal of Oncology, 23(3), 641–648.

[3] Artstract created by Ella Alsleben

[4] Daniel, P. M., Filiz, G., & Mantamadiotis, T. (2016). Sensitivity of GBM cells to cAMP agonist-mediated apoptosis correlates with CD44 expression and agonist resistance with MAPK signaling. Cell Death & Disease, 7(12), e2494.

[5] Mantamadiotis, T. et al. (2012). CREB signalling in neural stem/progenitor cells: recent developments and the implications for brain tumour biology. BioEssays, 34(4), 293–300.

Reflecting on How Far I’ve Come

It hits me during unexpected moments that I’ve grown exponentially during my time at Concordia. It’s been a slow process, and at times unpleasant, but the classes and experiences have pushed me outside of my comfort zone in so many ways, both personally and academically. My science and journalism classes pushed me to do things I never thought I’d do, such as knowing the vast amount of complex topics I’ve learned about and conducting over 15 interviews for journalism classes. I was scared to do it all, and my high school self would’ve recoiled if I had known what I was going to do in college, but I’m glad I did it. It doesn’t seem scary anymore.

This class certainly pushed me academically. The articles were difficult to understand, and blog posts seemed daunting, but I persevered and grew stronger for it. I now have a greater understanding of the real-world applications of signaling pathways and can bring this knowledge into my future career.

What I’ve Learned This Semester

I learned about a variety of topics through this class that may impact my future. We talked about glioblastoma, neurodegeneration, obesity, and Autism, all of which I could encounter in my daily life. Having an understanding of the science brought greater empathy for people experiencing them. I also have greater respect for researchers that are trying to cure cancer or prevent neurodegeneration. I have a greater appreciation for the level of complexity that is happening in the body during these conditions. Before this class, admitedly I didn’t understand why we weren’t further along in our knowledge of cures, but I now see that one aspect of the body will influence a wide range of other parts of the body, and it is not that simple.

My Future Goals

I wish I had a detailed plan for my future and what I want to do with my life, but truthfully, it looks more like a vague idea. I want my career to be meaningful and make an impact on other people. However that will look, I’m not sure yet, but I trust myself to find it. I’m confident that the topics and skills I’ve worked on in this course will help set me up for success. This course strengthened my communication skills, both verbally and in writing, as well as my analytical skills. Both of those areas are crucial for many careers. Even in a person-focused career outside of research, I would need to use analytical skills to solve problems and figure out the best solution.

What does learning at a liberal arts institution mean to you?

A liberal arts degree is about learning from interdisciplinary fields and appreciating the knowledge that other fields have to offer. For instance, though I’m not a history student, I appreciate the knowledge I know from history classes because I can use those use those topics to understand current events and political issues. Math is used daily for simple tasks such as counting how many tables you need for an event. Liberal arts help prepare students to critically engage with issues that are outside of their majors and study, and have a well-rounded education. It’s with these skills that we can succeed amidst challenges.

Skills Gained This Semester

This semester improved communication, analysis, storytelling, and perseverance. I’ve mentioned communication and analysis earlier in this post, but it was really emphasized this semester. I’ve read quite a few scientific papers previously, but this class helped me break down papers and work through them slowly so I understand them. Previously, I would highlight topics and usually forget everything days after reading it, but this class helped teach me to take more time with paper and annotate it so it sticks with me better.

Though I’ve had previous work on written communication through journalism, communicating science was more challenging than writing about campus events. Science communication is it’s own beast, and I’ve had some practice, but it pales in comparison to the amount of science communication that occurs in this class. Taking complex topics and making them into a story is hard, but this class provided the tools to undergo this.

This semester I also worked on perserverence. This was by far my busiest semester. I struggled to find the time to get everything done, and it took a lot of self-work to get to a place where I felt I could manage it. This class was a decent amount of time outside of class, so I’m proud of myself for pushing through and finding stress-relievers to push through a semester that was a shaky juggle of work, school, and personal life.

Using Multidisciplinary Perspectives

This class combined multiple perspectives to analyze problems, ranging from chemistry and neuroscience to sociology and healthcare. When we limit ourselves to using one perspective, we’re doing ourselves a disservice. Other perspectives add so much to any conversation, including scientific conversations, that it’s crucial we integrate the human-aspect of science, such as how these topics are actually impacting society. We can learn a lot from other fields and vice versa. The world is better off with a system where we share out knowledge and build off it, rather than limiting ourselves to one specific lens.

In this class, we didn’t just look at the science behind diabetes, we also discussed the psychology, social aspects, finances, insurance, and healthcare sides of diabetes. It made our conversations more full and impactful.

Conclusion

I’m really happy with the time I’ve spent at Concordia. I’m grateful for the opportunities and the experiences I’ve had here. They’ve helped me grow as a person, and I feel capable to chase my dreams. I’m grateful for the challenging aspects of this course for pushing me out of my comfort zone. I have a bigger toolset for the future because of this course and my liberal arts education. I can approach issues with a multidisciplinary perspective. I’m excited to take on the world, but for now, I’ll appreciate the time I have left on campus and continue to grow as much as I can.

Whether a Liberal Education is as Impactful as Liberal Colleges Claim

What makes a college experience beneficial beyond the gaining of a degree and/or the making of college, sometimes lifetime, friends?  Concordia College, and other colleges or universities, may argue that it is the instillment of liberal learning within a curriculum, which is abstractly illustrated in Figure 1.

What is Liberal Learning at Concordia College?

Figure 1. Creatively illustrates the multiple aspects that go into creating a liberal learning curriculum.1

The five goals for liberal learning at Concordia are:

  1. To instill a love of learning
  2. To develop foundational skills and transferable intellectual capacities
  3. To develop an understanding of disciplinary, interdisciplinary and intercultural perspectives and their connection
  4. To cultivate an examined cultural, ethical, physical and spiritual self-understanding
  5. To encourage responsible participation in the world1

To learn more about the core curriculum of Concordia, click [here]2. To analyze whether these goals have been achieved, I’ll be reflecting on my experience taking Neurochemistry (Neu) 475 and analyzing if it proved beneficial to my overall college experience.

 

Learning

I came into college with “unlabeled” love for learning. I say “unlabeled” because I never outrightly thought that I loved learning; I just knew that I was driven to do well in classes and would sacrifice social time to understand a concept fully. But once I got through more difficult classes and realized the commitment they’d require to do well in, I realized my deep desire to learn. Since then, that desire has been instilled even deeper, and I have grown to love learning so much at Concordia, to the point where I still try 100% in my assignments and exams despite being a senior experiencing senioritis.

Looking at this semester in neurochemistry, I went through different types of learning. For example, when coming up with questions to ask during class regarding the papers we’d just read, I tried to analytically learn what the paper was telling me and decipher what I did not understand. Not only did this allow me to engage in analytical learning, but the reading and writing required to complete each literature worksheet forced me to perform engaged and intrapersonal learning, where I was wrestling with the text to get the main point of every section. Not only that, but the following research on our assigned topic and class discussions about our topics got me to perform interpersonal, active, aural learning where I engaged with my classmates who had background of topics different than mine. This allowed me to expand my knowledge and practice active listening, making my learning more holistic in nature. Lastly, the creation of artstracts allowed me to explore my creativity and learn how to portray a scientific concept abstractly. See Figure 2 for my artstract on schizophrenia and how the Wnt signaling pathway and BCL-9 may be involved.

 

Figure 2. This is an artstract from my blog post, “A Pathway to Schizophrenia”.

 

Foundations & Transferability

Not only that but taking Neu 475 stimulated by love of learning by allowing me to learn the foundational knowledge of the different signaling pathways used by neurons. This included learning/reviving my memory on information like the different types of receptors, types of cellular communication, excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters and their pathways, and different signaling pathways. This information was essential to understanding the class papers without feeling overwhelmed, so having the intellectual capacity to transfer what I learned about such information into the papers’ explanations of different irregularities leading to neural dysfunctions proved very beneficial, and it’s an ability I improved while taking Neu 475.

 

Disciplinary, Interdisciplinary and Intercultural Perspectives and Their Connections

Some of this information was easily transferable to other classes I have taken, specifically histology, anatomy & physiology, genetics, and biochemistry. So, while taking Neu 475 certainly increased my knowledge in the field of neuroscience, my background from other classes allowed me to appreciate the interdisciplinary impact the information had.

  1. For example, my background in genetics allowed me to understand more easily why activation or inhibition of different transcription factors had detrimental effects like development of brain tumors.
  2. In the example of histology and physiology, my knowledge on what melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) does in the skin caused me to be surprised when I learned in a paper that they had a role in regulating appetite regarding metabolic disease. To solve the question of what exactly MSH does and how, I gathered research from histological, physiological, and neurological sources to discover all the MSH is involved in and the pathways by which is causes such things. It also furthered my understanding regarding the different barriers scientists must pay attention to of when thinking of using a particular hormone or neurotransmitter as a target for treatment of one disease, as modifying its levels may have unintended consequences on its other bodily roles.
    1. This was just one example of how in Neu 475, I used disciplinary and interdisplinary perspectives to connect dots to try and solve a problem.

Regarding intercultural perspectives, talking with my classmates from different cultures expanded my knowledge regarding their points of views on certain issues. It allowed me to hear and understand the reasoning behind their opinions that differed from mine, broadening my point of view and allowing me to think of the implications certain decisions may have on others. For this reason, I am extremely grateful for the discussion days we had during Neu 475.

 

Cultivating an Examined Cultural, Ethical, Physical and Spiritual Self-Understanding

Along those same lines, the discussion involved in Neu 475, along with other classes I’ve taken during my time at Concordia, have caused me to examine my cultural understanding of how others are impacted differently by certain decisions and how they would prefer certain actions be taken over others. Neu 475 discussion focused a lot on the ethical implications different moves taken towards targeting different diseases would have on varying populations, with the discussions on autism spectrum disorder and addiction being the first discussions that come to mind. These discussions provided new points of views that have now been incorporated into my ethical self-understanding.

Not only that, but the reading of papers and class lectures and corresponding research grew my physical self-understanding of what is going on within my body. So overall, Neu 475 alone did quite a bit to encourage me to examine my cultural, ethical, and physical self-understanding. Because most of this was done through discussion and in-depth communication between my peers, if I were to highlight a skill I improved through this class, it would be interpersonal communication. I grew my understanding of the value of listening whilst communicating and practiced how to time and word my responses in ways that would be most well received by those I was communicating with. The preparation required to engage in these discussions and speak well with peers involved the interpersonal skills seen in Figure 3.

 

Figure 3. This illustrates different interpersonal skills that were involved when having discussions with my peers during Neu 475 class discussions.3

 

Responsible Participation in the World

As an aspiring physician, learning about all the different factors that are being considered as contributors to different disease or conditions was eye-opening. It taught me that I need to continually keep myself up to date on the research that is coming out regarding these conditions so that I can better target the root sources of conditions with the treatments I prescribe having the least number of negative impacts on the body. Neu 475 also gave me a very good background into the different mechanisms by which the brain communicates to the rest of the body, and while I know I need to learn much more to become a doctor, I know that the knowledge I have gained will only benefit me when it comes to making responsible decisions and giving sound advice as a doctor.

Not only that, but I have already been implementing the things I’ve learned in Neu 475 in the advice I give to friends regarding their diet and how it impacts their health. For example, I have told myself and my friends to eat less saturated fatty acids because it induces hypothalamic inflammation, which under long term conditions, leads to obesity because it messes with your hunger-inducing or satiety hormones, and because my friends and I are all STEM majors, we are more receptive to this advice because I back it with biological reasoning.

 

Conclusion

Overall, Neu 475 is a great example of a class that implemented the practice of liberal learning into its teaching style, its class activities, and the nature of the information it taught. By doing so, it greatly improved by overall college experience, and reflecting on how it has done so has allowed me to reflect more broadly on everything I have learned throughout my undergraduate education. Neu 475 successfully accomplished all the five learning goals for liberal learning as set by Concordia College, and those that it focused less on, like cultivating an examined spiritual self-understanding, were deepened through other classes taken during my time at Concordia. However, the five learning goals were also achieved in classes before Neu 475, but it was during Neu 475 that they were clearly and successfully integrated and applied. Thus, it can confidently be said that instillment of a liberal education proved beneficial to my college experience.

Learning at a liberal arts institution improved me as a person, and to me, means that I was able to holistically grow myself so that in the future, I can make decisions with the knowledge of how they may impact certain populations, even if I do not directly interact with them much. Whether this be in my prospective job as a doctor or in more broad decisions like voting yes or no on certain ballots, I know I am much more well-educated to make such decisions.

 

Footnotes:

1https://www.gettingatthecore.com/2020/10/to-liberal-arts-or-not-to-liberal-arts-that-is-the-question/

2https://catalog.concordiacollege.edu/core-curriculum/core-curriculum/#text

3https://www.thebalancemoney.com/interpersonal-skills-list-2063724

Final Reflection: Integrating Neurochemistry, Liberal Learning, and Responsible Engagement

As I sit down to write my final blog post, I’m struck by how much this class has not only deepened my understanding of brain chemistry but also reinforced the core values of Concordia. The CORE curriculum—built on the idea of Becoming Responsibly Engaged in the World (BREW)—has shaped my academic journey in ways I couldn’t have anticipated when I first stepped onto campus. This neurochemistry course, in particular, has been a powerful synthesis of scientific rigor, real-world applications, and collaborative learning, all of which align with Concordia’s five goals for liberal learning.

 

  1. Instilling a Love for Learning

One of the most profound lessons this course has taught me is that learning doesn’t stop at memorizing pathways or neurotransmitters—it’s about curiosity, questioning, and connecting ideas across disciplines. Neurochemistry is an inherently dynamic field, with new discoveries constantly reshaping our understanding of the brain. Whether we were discussing neurodegenerative diseases, synaptic plasticity, or the biochemical basis of psychiatric disorders, I found myself constantly wanting to dig deeper. Each week as I wrote my Wiki page, blog post, and prepped for the small-group discussion, I found myself immersed in the topic of the week, often falling down rabbit holes and reading far beyond the article for the week. I truly enjoyed learning more and more about each topic. That intellectual engagement is what liberal learning is all about: not just absorbing information but actively pursuing knowledge with enthusiasm.

 

  1. Developing Foundational Skills and Transferable Intellectual Capacities

This course sharpened skills that extend far beyond neurochemistry. This course is centered around breaking down complex research papers, which required me to assess methodology, interpret data, and evaluate conclusions. Writing blog posts and presenting information on Wednesdays forced me to distill dense material into succinct explanations—a skill that will be crucial as I pursue my doctoral studies in the fall. Discussing the science with my peers in our Wiki page presentations and in our small group discussions helped develop my ability to communication and collaboration skills. These competencies are highly transferable. In my graduate studies and beyond, the ability to analyze, synthesize, and articulate complex ideas will be invaluable.

 

3 & 4. Understanding Disciplinary, Interdisciplinary, and Intercultural Perspectives & Cultivating an Examined Cultural, Ethical, and Spiritual Self-Understanding

Neurochemistry doesn’t exist in a vacuum—it intersects with psychology, ethics, medicine, and even philosophy. One of the most eye-opening moments this semester was discussing the ethics of autism treatment. We didn’t just talk about the physiology of the disorder, we discussed if teachers and faculty should be required to know if students have autism. Would it perpetuate prejudice or help make sure neurodivergent students don’t fall through the cracks of the education system? We also discussed if autism needs to be cured, or if further awareness and acceptance of the disorder is the best “cure” for the disorder. 

In later weeks, we discussed cultural differences that impact perceptions of anxiety when discussing adverse memory formation, and differences in cultural diets when discussing metabolic disorders. These topics forced me to think about my own morals, ethics, and actions, fostering a deeper self-awareness. This kind of interdisciplinary dialogue—between ethics, culture, science, and beyond—is a hallmark of liberal arts learning. It taught me that solving real-world problems, like improving neurological treatments, requires more than just science; it demands an awareness of societal implications.

 

  1. Encouraging Responsible Participation in the World

Perhaps the most significant takeaway from this course is that knowledge should inspire action. While I will not be entering a neuroscience-related field, I can still apply the knowledge from this course to responsibly participate in the world. Learning about various disorders allowed me to better understand how to prevent them, knowledge I can now share with my friends and family members. Most importantly, this course underscored the importance of empathy. Many disorders, from cancer to Alzheimer’s to obesity, are due to complex neurological pathophysiologies. While lifestyle choices may reduce risk, many of these disorders are multifaceted and largely out of human control. Learning about the pathogenesis of these diseases helped me to step into the shoes of those suffering and challenge any preconceived prejudices I carried to empathize at a deeper level. 

 

A Liberal Arts Education: More Than Just a Degree

To me, learning at a liberal arts institution means breaking down barriers between disciplines. In this class, we didn’t just study neurotransmitters—we considered how they shape behavior and society. That holistic perspective is something I’ll carry forward, especially as I enter the interdisciplinary field of Industrial-Organizational Psychology.

 

How Neurochemistry Relates to My Future Goals: From the Classroom to Corporations

The skills and knowledge gained in neurochemistry directly support my future doctoral studies and career in Industrial-Organizational (I-O) Psychology by providing a strong scientific foundation for understanding human behavior in workplace settings. The course honed my ability to critically analyze complex systems—whether signaling pathways or organizational structures—and apply critical thinking to understand the interrelatedness of such systems. Additionally, the interdisciplinary perspective I developed, bridging neurochemistry with psychology, equips me to approach I-O challenges with unique insight. Transferable skills like oral and written scientific communication, ethical reasoning, and breaking down complex papers will be invaluable as I conduct organizational research and translate findings into practical workplace solutions. Ultimately, this course reinforced that behavior—whether in controlled lab settings or large corporate offices—is rooted in biology, neuroscience, and chemistry, an understanding that will help guide my future work.

 

Resume-Worthy Skill: Interdisciplinary Problem-Solving

If I had to highlight one competency I honed this semester, it would be integrating multiple perspectives to solve complex problems. At its core, neurochemistry is inherently interdisciplinary, but our discussions went beyond the fields of neuroscience and chemistry. For example, when examining neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease, I considered the structure and formation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles (biochemistry); possible genetic risk factors and predisposition to the disease (genetics); behavioral and cognitive consequences of Alzheimer’s (psychology); preventative strategies focusing on diet and lifestyle changes (public health); and dilemmas like early diagnosis without a cure or gene editing (ethics). This kind of multidimensional thinking is exactly what employers and graduate schools value.

 

Becoming Responsibly Engaged

This neurochemistry course has encapsulated my Concordia education—challenging me to think deeply, connect widely, and act thoughtfully. As I move forward, I’ll carry with me not just the MAPK pathway or the mechanics of action potentials, but also the critical, ethical, and interdisciplinary mindset that defines liberal learning.

To future students: Don’t just memorize the material—uncover how it matters in the real world. That’s what BREW is all about.



What I’m Taking With Me

Looking Back

It’s wild how quickly time passes when you’re not paying attention. One moment, you’re trying to find your first college classroom, hoping you’re not in the wrong building. The next, you’re sitting down to write your final reflection, wondering how it all flew by. Somewhere in between, without even realizing it, you’ve grown through late-night writing sessions, hard conversations, unexpected connections, and quiet moments when something finally clicked.

This class didn’t feel like just another item on a checklist. It felt like a chance to pause and take a real look at how far I’ve come. And honestly? It caught me off guard in the best way. It made me reflect not just on what I’ve learned, but on who I’ve become while learning.

I remember hearing “Become Responsibly Engaged in the World” when I first got to Concordia. It sounded nice. A little abstract. Maybe something you’d put on a poster or hear during orientation. But somewhere along the way, especially in this class, it started to mean something. It showed up in the way I questioned things more deeply, listened more carefully, and cared more intentionally. It was less about memorizing definitions and more about thinking with purpose. About realizing that I don’t just want to exist in the world—I want to understand it, and help shape it for the better.

Finding Meaning Along the Way

There’s one night I keep going back to. I was exhausted—mentally, emotionally, just drained. I had a blog post due, and the article we were working with felt dense and hard. I couldn’t connect with it. I stared at a blank screen for a long time, until I gave up on trying to sound “smart” and just… wrote what felt true. I linked the science to something personal I’d seen in real life. And suddenly, it made sense. The writing flowed. Not because it was perfect, but because it was real.

That moment taught me something I didn’t expect: learning doesn’t always look like a neat, well-formatted essay. Sometimes, it shows up when you’re tired and just trying your best to make sense of something. And that’s okay. That counts, too.

This class challenged me to think in ways I hadn’t before. We tackled topics like brain inflammation, mental health, obesity, and the ethical side of research, not as separate ideas, but as threads woven into the same big picture. They weren’t just facts or headlines. They were human. And that’s what stuck with me. We weren’t solving puzzles for fun; we were exploring questions that affect people’s lives.

I remember one assignment that had me approaching a problem from multiple angles—neuroscience, psychology, and ethics. I realized quickly that no single discipline had all the answers. But when I let them overlap, the full picture became clearer. That shift in thinking across boundaries instead of staying inside one box has completely changed how I see the world. It’s how I read the news now. It’s how I listen to people. It’s how I try to understand the systems that shape our lives.

And then, there’s the writing. I’ve always enjoyed writing, but this class helped me write with more care. Not just about grammar or clarity, but about the person reading it. Could someone outside the field understand what I meant? Would they feel something when they read it? I slowed down. I rewrote sentences just to make them feel more human. I stepped out of my own head and tried to see things from someone else’s view.

That shift in how I communicate awareness of audience, tone, and empathy is something I’ll take with me long after this class. If I were to list one skill on my resume that truly grew this semester, it’d be this: translating complex ideas into something relatable and engaging. Whether I’m writing case notes, advocacy material, or educational content, I know this ability will serve me well.

Carrying It Forward

This semester wasn’t easy, and I won’t pretend otherwise. There were days I felt like I was just barely keeping up, when deadlines felt like dominoes and motivation was nowhere in sight. But I kept showing up. And sometimes, that’s the most important thing. I learned how to manage my time better (still a work in progress), how to give myself grace when I didn’t get it all right, and how to bounce back after slipping behind. That kind of growth doesn’t show up in a gradebook; it’s real. It’s lasting.

More than anything, Concordia and this course taught me that education is about more than checking off requirements. It’s about becoming someone who sees the world differently. Someone who’s curious. Someone who asks better questions. Someone who pays attention to the things that matter, even when they’re complicated or messy.

I’ve come to appreciate that learning in a liberal arts setting is about embracing complexity. It’s about seeing how everything connects, how culture, science, ethics, and emotion are all tangled together. It’s about developing not just your intellect, but your character. And that kind of learning changes you.

As I step into whatever comes next, whether it’s grad school, a career, or something I haven’t even imagined yet, I’m not just taking knowledge with me. I’m taking a mindset. A way of showing up. A belief that small moments of insight can lead to big change. And that learning isn’t over once the final paper is submitted.

If I ever forget that, I’ll come back to this reflection. To this pause. To the reminder that I am not the same person I was when I started. I’m someone who kept going. Someone who grew. And that’s something I’ll always be proud of.

Cracking the Code of a Killer: How Glioblastoma Hijacks Cellular Communication

In a quiet neuroscience lab lit by the blue glow of bioinformatics screens, a group of researchers stared at a common enemy—one that doesn’t knock, doesn’t wait, and doesn’t often lose. Glioblastoma. A tumor so aggressive and elusive that even with today’s best medicine, it often wins. But this time, the researchers weren’t trying to kill the tumor directly. They were trying to listen to it.

Because cancer, like everything in our body, talks.

Generated imageAbstract by Alisha Debleye depicting the tumorous and dangerous growth in the human brain that can sometimes go untreated or undiagnosed.

It communicates using intricate molecular “languages” called signaling pathways—chemical networks that tell our cells when to grow, when to rest, and when to die. For healthy cells, this communication keeps everything running smoothly. But glioblastoma doesn’t play by the rules. Instead, it hijacks these pathways, manipulating messages to fuel chaos instead of harmony.

That’s what the article “Understanding and Exploiting Cell Signalling Convergence Nodes and Pathway Cross-Talk in Malignant Brain Cancer” is all about. It’s not just about what makes GBM grow. It’s about how GBM outsmarts nearly every treatment we throw at it—by rerouting, rewiring, and repurposing the very systems that keep our cells alive.

The Whispering Networks of GBM

Our bodies use three key signaling pathways to manage cell behavior: MAPK, PI3K, and cAMP. Think of them as information highways: MAPK fuels growth, PI3K ensures survival and movement, and cAMP acts as a cellular checks-and-balances system.

Image previewFigure 1 shows the MAPK pathway being activated by receptor tyrosine kinases, sending messages for tumor growth, survival, and movement. This pathway is often hyperactive in GBM, particularly when NF1—a negative regulator—is lost.

In glioblastoma, these systems are corrupted. The tumor amplifies MAPK and PI3K to accelerate growth and invasion, while it silences cAMP—the very pathway that normally tells damaged cells to self-destruct.

The PI3K pathway is slightly different. This is how it works.

Image preview

Figure 2 illustrates the PI3K pathway, another powerhouse of tumor survival. It activates downstream molecules like Akt and mTOR, which promote cell proliferation and metabolic rewiring. Together, PI3K and MAPK form a dangerous duo.

It even discusses how the GPCR pathways, specifically cAMP pathway is effected.

Image previewFigure 3 depicts the cAMP pathway—a tumor suppressor system that is unusually suppressed in GBM. Normally, this pathway promotes cell death and inhibits uncontrolled growth. But glioblastoma cells lower cAMP activity by reducing the enzyme adenylyl cyclase or increasing phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that degrade cAMP.

But these pathways don’t work in isolation.

Image previewFigure 4 shows how all three signaling networks converge on CREB, a central transcription factor. CREB integrates signals and activates genes responsible for growth, invasion, and immune evasion. It’s like the tumor’s master conductor—one that researchers now see as a promising therapeutic target.

But Why Should We Care About This At All?

Duh, Because its cancer! Also, GBM is the deadliest brain cancer. Its median survival rate is around 14 months, and fewer than 5% of patients survive five years with the disease1. It doesn’t just grow—it infiltrates, migrates, and recurs. It touches memory, movement, and personality. It devastates not only the patient but everyone who loves them.

But the science we read this week gives us hope. The review showed that targeting convergence nodes—places like CREB where multiple pathways meet—might finally outmaneuver the tumor. Drugs like BKM120, a pan-PI3K inhibitor, and Vemurafenib, which targets RAF in the MAPK cascade, are being tested in clinical trials2. Meanwhile, drugs like forskolin and PDE inhibitors, which restore cAMP signaling, show promise in triggering apoptosis, or programmed cell death3.

In fact, when researchers combined a cAMP activator with a MAPK inhibitor, some previously resistant GBM cells finally died4. This is a huge breakthrough. It suggests that combination therapy, hitting multiple pathways or convergence points at once, could finally disrupt the tumor’s carefully stolen communication.

What Can Society Do to Help The Cause?

Awareness is the first weapon. Glioblastoma symptoms often appear suddenly and worsen quickly. If you or someone you love experiences persistent headaches, personality changes, nausea, vision problems, or seizures, it’s important to seek medical attention quickly5. While there’s currently no routine screening for GBM, early diagnosis through MRI can sometimes buy precious time for surgery and treatment6.

Advocate for funding. Research into GBM receives a small fraction of overall cancer research funding7. By supporting organizations like National Brain Tumor Society or American Brain Tumor Association, the public can help fuel new discoveries—like the ones we studied this week.

And most importantly, don’t look away. Brain cancer may be rare, but its impact is massive. The more we learn about how it communicates, the better we can prepare, detect, and defeat it. We are on the cusp of a revolution in brain cancer treatment—not because we’ve found a cure, but because we’ve learned how to listen

Footnotes:

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